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Matthew Boulton
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Matthew Boulton
(September 3, 1728 - 18 August 1809), English manufacturer and
engineer, was born at Birmingham, where his father, Matthew Boulton the
elder, was a manufacturer of metal articles of various kinds.
To this business he
succeeded on his father's death in 1759. He went into partnership with
James Fothergill and in consequence of the growth of their business
removed his works in 1762 from Snowhill to what was then a tract of
barren heath at Soho, 2 miles north of Birmingham. Here he undertook
the manufacture of artistic objects in metal, as well as the
reproduction of oil paintings by a mechanical process in which he was
associated with Francis Eginton (1737-1805), who subsequently achieved
a reputation as a worker in stained or enamelled glass. In this he was
also encouraged by Robert Adam. Between 1762 and 1775 he established a
strong reputation as a craftsmen; his works at Soho were widely known
for excellent and artistic workmanship.
About 1767, Boulton,
who was finding the need of improving the motive power for his
machinery, made the acquaintance of James Watt, who on his side
appreciated the advantages offered by the Soho works for the
development of his steam-engine. In 1772 Watt's partner, Dr John
Roebuck, got into financial difficulties, and Boulton, to whom he owed
£1200, accepted the two-thirds share in Watt's patent held by him in
satisfaction of the debt. Three years later Boulton and Watt formally
entered into partnership, and it was mainly through the energy and
self-sacrifice of the former, who devoted all the capital he possessed
or could borrow to the enterprise, that the steam engine was at length
made a commercial success.
It was also owing to
Boulton that in 1775 an act of parliament was obtained extending the
term of Watt's 1769 patent to 1799. In 1800 the two partners retired
from the business, which they handed over to their sons, Matthew
Robinson Boulton and James Watt junior.
In 1788 Boulton
turned his attention to coining machinery, and erected at Soho a
complete plant with which he struck coins for the Sierra Leone and East
India companies and for Russia, and in 1797 produced a new copper
coinage for Great Britain. In 1797 he took out a patent in connexion
with raising water on the principle of the hydraulic ram. He died at
Birmingham on 18th August 1809.
Boulton was a key member of the Lunar Society. His home, Soho House, is now a museum.
In honour of his
contribution to Birmingham's engineering heritage, the city's college
of technology was renamed Matthew Boulton College in 1957.
He is also remembered by the Moonstones and a statue of him, Watt and Murdoch, by William Bloye, all in Birmingham.
Reference
This entry incorporates public domain text originally from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica.
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